Diabetic Foot: Its Mode of Presentation and its Grades according to WIfI classification at A Tertiary Care Hospital

  • Hannan Sajid
  • Zakir Jamal
  • Rabia Irfan
  • Fatima Shahzad
  • S H Waqar Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad
Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetic Mellitus, WIfI classification

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease that has a major impact on public health. One of the major side effects of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Objective: To ascertain the method of presentation, analyze, and distribute the diabetic foot lesions in accordance with the WIfI classification of diabetic foot ulceration in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, from January to December 2022. All adult patients with DFUs were enrolled consecutively. Patients with healed foot ulcerations were excluded. Data regarding age, gender, duration of diabetes, co morbidities, severity of wound, ischemia, severity of infection was noted on a proforma according to WIfI classification. Results: A total of 76 patients presented with DFUs with mean age of 51.03±7.041 years, (range 40 - 70 years). There were 52(68.4%) males and 24(31.6%) females. The duration of diabetes was <5 years in 40(52.6%) followed by 5-10 years in 21(27.6%) patients. According to wound severity, 55(72.4%) patients presented with grade 2 (Deep Ulcer with exposed bone, joints or tendons) followed by 16 (21.1%) with grade 1 (Small Superficial Ulcer without gangrene). According to Ischemia, 44 (57.9%) patients presented with grade 1, 13(17.1%) presented with grade 2 and 19(25.0%) presented with grade 3. There is a significant association of severity of DFUs with age and duration of disease. Conclusion: Diabetic patients commonly present with grade 2 of DFUs followed by grade 1, while presentation with ischaemia were of grade 1.

Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetic Mellitus, WIfI classification

Author Biography

S H Waqar, Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad
Prof S H Waqar MBBS, FCPS, FICS, MCPS-HPE, FACS, Certificate in Medical Editing
  Professor of Surgery & Head Department of General Surgery Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University
Islamabad   Director
Department of Medical Education Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University
Islamabad   Editor Annals of PIMS Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University/PIMS Islamabad
Published
2025-01-06
Section
Original Articles