Demographics and Dynamics of Burn Surgeries: A Comprehensive Five-Year Review

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes of surgical interventions for burn patients at a major tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan, to identify trends, demographic patterns, and clinical practices in burn management.
Methodology: The study was conducted at the Burn Center of Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2019 to December 2023. Data from 13,803 surgical procedures performed over five years were analyzed to assess procedural trends, patient demographics, and treatment outcomes.
Results: A total of 13,803 procedures were performed over five years, demonstrating a general upward trend in surgical activity. The most common procedures included Change of Dressing (29.1–40.2%), Debridement (34.3–43.7%), and Split Skin Grafts (up to 15.5%). Specialized procedures like Release of Contracture and Flap Coverage increased significantly, reflecting evolving clinical practices. Gender analysis revealed higher rates of complex surgeries in males, while females underwent more wound care procedures.
The findings highlight key demographic patterns, with young adults (18–30 years) and children being the most affected groups. Seasonal trends and annual variations in procedural volume were also observed. Compared to high-income countries, the Karachi Burn Center focuses on cost-effective wound management, emphasizing early interventions to mitigate complications like amputations and contractures.
Conclusion: The findings highlight key patterns in burn care within a resource-limited setting, providing valuable insights for improving clinical protocols and resource allocation. Further research is needed to enhance burn epidemiology data and expand access to specialized surgical care in Pakistan.
Keywords: Burns, Epidemiology, Outcomes, Surgery, Treatment