Association of Serum PSA Levels with Histopathological Pattern of Prostate Lesions

Afra Samad; Nudrat Fayyaz; Ayesha Siddiqa; Naseem Akhter; Rabia Saeed; Maryam Rafiq; Aqsa Ashraf Bukhari; Ayesha Afzal

doi:10.35787/jimdc.v8i2.362

Afra Samad Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan
Nudrat Fayyaz Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical pathology, Multan Medical and Dental College Multan
Ayesha Siddiqa Consultant Pathologist, District Health Authority, T.H.Q. Hospital, Yazman, Bahawalpur
Naseem Akhter Assistant Professor, Department of Hematology, Ibn-e-Sina hospital, Multan
Rabia Saeed Assistant Professor., Department of Chemical Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur
Maryam Rafiq Assistant Professor. Department of Chemical Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal
Aqsa Ashraf Bukhari Microbiologist, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan
Ayesha Afzal PhD Scholar Human Genetics and Molecular Biology & Lecturer, GC University, Faisalabad

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v8i2.362

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Prostate carcinoma, Prostate specific antigen, Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Abstract

Background: Pathological changes that mainly affect prostate gland are prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancerous lesions. Digital rectal examination (DRE), Transrectal Ultrasonography (TUS), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) followed by histopathological examination, are routinely used tests for diagnosis of prostate lesions. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of serum PSA levels in differentially diagnosing the different types of prostate lesions.
Material and Methods: This retrospective (observational) study was conducted in Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan. Data of 2189 patients who were operated from 2007 to 2017 due to prostatic lesions were included in this analysis. Patients with BPH, prostatitis, prostate carcinoma and Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) were grouped according to serum PSA levels (ranging from 0 to >100 ng/ml) into five groups. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for different histopathological findings. Association of PSA levels with different histological patterns was determined with chi-square test with P-value < 0.05 taken as significant difference.
Results: Mean age of patients was 62.45+10.64 years. On histopathology, BPH was diagnosed in 1676 (76.56%) patients, prostatitis in 133 (6.07%), carcinoma in 378 (17.26%) and PIN in 02 (0.09%) patients, respectively. Serum PSA levels of 4.01-10 ng/ml were found in 1050 (62.64%) BPH patients and in 59 (44.36%) prostatitis patients. Serum PSA levels of 10.01-20 ng/ml were found in only 40 (2.4%) BPH patients, 47 (35.33%) prostatitis patients, 22 (5.82%) carcinoma patients and in 1 (50.0%) PIN patient. Serum PSA levels of 20.01-100 ng/ml were found in 32 (1.9%) BPH patients, 11 (8.27%) prostatitis patients, 302 (79.89%) carcinoma patients, and in 1 (50.0%) PIN patient. Serum PSA levels of >100 ng/ml were absent in patients with BPH and PIN, and present in 1 (0.75%) prostatitis and 54 (14.28%) carcinoma patients.
Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the commonest lesion in our patients (76.56%) with serum PSA levels >10 ng/ml reported in all patients with prostate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) patients.