Effects of Oral Retinoids on Ocular Surface, Assessment through Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire

Abstract

Objective: Oral retinoids commonly prescribed for acne vulgaris have many side effects. The objective of this study was to determine effect of oral retinoids on ocular surface.

Methodology:  This quasi-experimental study, conducted at department of ophthalmology and dermatology HBS Medical & Dental College from August 2023 to July 2024, a total of 109 acne patients who were prescribed oral retinoids were included. Tear film break up time (TBUT) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were calculated at baseline and three months after therapy to determine effect of oral retinoids on ocular surface and presence of dry eyes. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.

Results: Mean age of patients was 28.40 ± 9.81 years. There were 23 (21.10%) males and 86 (78.90%) females. Mean baseline and three months follow up TBUT were 24.13 ± 6.31 and 10.33 ± 6.04 seconds, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean baseline and three months follow up OSDI scores were 3.03 ± 2.13 and 22.80 ± 10.32, respectively (p < 0.001). Frequency of dry eyes in acne patients treated with oral retinoids after three months of therapy was 82 (75.23%). The most common ocular complaint of the patients was gritty sensation in the eyes 33 (30.28%) followed by itching in the eyes 22 (20.18%) and burning sensation in the eyes 17 (15.61%).

Conclusion: Dry eyes occurred in 75.23% users of oral retinoids showing a major effect of these agents on ocular surface.

Key words: Acne vulgaris, Dry eye, Retinoids.