Clinical Outcomes of Male Gynecomastia Surgery: A cohort Study Conducted at Med City Hospital, Islamabad

Abstract

Objective: To assess both the physical and psychological outcomes of gynecomastia surgery in a Pakistani cohort.
Methodology: The study was conducted at Med City Hospital, Islamabad in a 2-year period from January 2021 to December 2023. This study comprised of 150 male patients who underwent gynecomastia surgery. The sample size was estimated based on an anticipated proportion of 89.0% with satisfaction after gynecomastia surgery, a confidence level of 95% and an alpha of 5%. All the male patients were referred to the radiologist to rule out any malignancy. All the 150 patients didn’t have any abnormal findings on sonographic or Mammography study. Demographic information, type of surgery, type of anaesthesia given, post operative complication, and satisfaction were noted. Outcomes were assessed by comparison after short-term (1-3 months) and long-term follow-up (6-12 months) periods. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics as frequency, mean and standard deviation. For comparisons, chi-square tests, and t-tests were applied. .
Results: The mean age of patients was 30.5 ± 5.8 ranging from 20-40 years. Most frequent operation was liposuction 85 (56.7%), followed by gland excision and combined operation applied in 40 (26.6%) and 25 (16.7%) cases, respectively. At first follow-up the mean satisfaction score was 8.7 ± 1.1, which improved to 9.2 ± 0.8 on second, the long-term follow-up (p-value, 0.001). Pain/discomfort scores were low (2.3 ± 1.5 on a 10-point visual analogue scale), and 90.6% reported psychological gain after surgery. Complications were low, with 15 (10.0%) experiencing minor complications like hematoma and seroma.
Conclusions: Gynecomastia surgery is very effective in improving both physical and psychological well-being with minimal complications. Careful patient assessment and customized surgical planning are essential to optimizing results.
Key words: Emotional distress, Gynaecomastia, Psychological satisfaction, Self-esteem, Social anxiety.